Rhinitis is an inflammation or infection of the nasal passages. The nasal sinuses can be involved also. Diseases in this area can be part of a more generalized upper respiratory illness or exist alone.

Numerous causes exist including several viruses (especially in cats), allergies, bacterial or fungal infections, cancer, foreign bodies and traumatic injuries. Rhinitis can range from very mild clear nasal discharge and occasional sneezing to severe, debilitating respiratory disease that may be life threatening.

Signs include:

• nasal discharge (clear to mucoid green/yellow or bloody discharge)
• sneezing
• inability to smell or locate food
• facial swelling or pain
• rubbing or pawing at the face
• the eyes may also be affected, causing discharge, swelling, redness or discomfort

Occasionally, the disease can spread to the lungs.

Diagnosis is usually based on symptoms, age or environment of the pet, laboratory tests, blood work, and sometimes x-rays.

Treatment varies widely based on cause. Antibiotics, anti-histamines and steroids, or anti-fungal medications may be needed. Surgical intervention may be needed to remove foreign bodies, and treat trauma, cancer, or fungal infections. Fluid therapy and hospitalization may be needed for patients that either do not eat and drink well on their own, or have a high fever.

Good nursing care is essential to a speedy recovery as often these ill pets will not eat or drink well on their own, and may not groom themselves as usual. Extra nutritional support may be necessary.

IMPORTANT POINTS

• Use all medications as prescribed by your veterinarian.
• Monitor your pet's progress carefully and have him/her rechecked if there are any concerns.
• Separate any ill pets from others and use separate feeding, bedding, and grooming items.
• Wash your hands after handling ill.
• Pets to reduce the chance of disease transmission.

If you have questions about this or any medical topic, please contact your Banfield hospital today.